Li-compatibilizer li ipakile li sebetsa hantle ho ntlafatseng thepa ea bohlokoa joalo ka tšusumetso / ho tiea ha PCR le PIR e kopanyang polyolefin le lipolasetiki tse ling.#tsoelopele e tsitsitseng
Mohlala o tsosolositsoeng oa HDPE/PP ntle le motsoako oa Dow Engage (holimo) le sampole ea HDPE/PP e Recycled e nang le Engage POE comptibilizer.Ho lumellana ha makhetlo a mararo nakong ea khefu ho tloha ho 130% ho ea ho 450%.(Setšoantšo: Dow Chemical)
Ha polasetiki e fetoha 'maraka o ntseng o hola lefatšeng ka bophara, li-resin le li-additives li ntse li sebelisoa le ho feta ho rarolla mathata a lebasetere libakeng tse kang ho paka le lihlahisoa tsa bareki, kaho, temo le likoloi.Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea thepa, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le phello ea tikoloho ke tse ling tsa liphephetso tsa bohlokoa, 'me li-plastiki tsa bareki tse tloaelehileng tse kang polyolefins le PET li etella pele.
Tšitiso e kholo ea ho sebelisa thepa e tsosolositsoeng ke karohano e jang chelete e ngata le e jang nako ea lipolasetiki tse sa lumellaneng.Ka ho lumella li-plastiki tse sa lumellaneng hore li qhibilihe, li-compatibilizer li thusa ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea ho arohana le ho etsa hore baetsi ba thepa ba hlahise lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo phahameng, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ba ntse ba eketsa lihlahisoa tse nchafalitsoeng le ho fumana mehloli e mecha ea boleng bo tlaase le e theko e tlaase ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.
Li-compatibilizer tsena tse ka sebelisoang hape li kenyelletsa li-elastomer tse khethehileng tsa polyolefin, styrenic block copolymers, polyolefin e fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale, le li-additives tse thehiloeng ho chemistry ea titanium aluminium.Litlhahiso tse ling le tsona li hlahile.Bohle ba lebelletsoe ho nka sebaka sa mantlha lipontšong tse tlang tsa khoebo.
Ho ea ka Dow, Engage POE le Infuse OBC li loketse ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho lumellana le HDPE, LDPE le LLDPE le polypropylene ka lebaka la mokokotlo oa PE le alpha olefin e le li-comonomers.(Setšoantšo: Dow Chemical)
Specialty polyolefin elastomers (POE) le polyolefin plastomers (POP), tse qalileng ho ntlafatsoa ho ntlafatsa thepa ea polyolefin joalo ka tšusumetso le matla a tensele, li bile teng e le li-compatibilizer bakeng sa PE le PP tse tsosolositsoeng, ka linako tse ling hape li sebelisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang PET kapa PET.nylon.
Lihlahisoa tsena li kenyelletsa Dow's Engage POE, ethylene-alpha-olefin comonomer random copolymer ea OBC, block block alternating olefin copolymer, le Exxon Mobil Vistamaxx Propylene-Ethylene le Exact Ethylene-Octene POP.
Lihlahisoa tsena li rekisetsoa li-recyclers/compounders le li-recyclers tse ling, ho boletse Jesús Cortes, moqapi oa 'maraka oa ExxonMobil Product Solutions, a hlokomela hore ho lumellana e ka ba sesebelisoa sa ho thusa batho ba tsosolosang ho sebelisa tšilafalo le lisebelisoa tse ka bang theko e tlaase bakeng sa melapo ea polyolefin.Han Zhang, Motsamaisi oa Global Sustainability for Packaging and Specialty Plastics ho The Dow Chemical Company, o itse: "Bareki ba rona ba rua molemo ka ho theha sehlahisoa sa boleng bo holimo se nang le phihlello ea phallo e pharalletseng ea ho e sebelisa hape.Re sebeletsa li-processor tse sebelisang li-compatibilizer ho eketsa litaba tse sebelisoang hape ha li ntse li boloka ts'ebetso. ”
"Bareki ba rona ba rua molemo ka ho theha sehlahisoa sa boleng bo holimo ha ba ntse ba e-na le monyetla oa ho fumana mokhoa o pharaletseng oa ho tsosolosa."
ExxonMobil' Cortés e netefalitse hore limaraka tse tšoanang tsa Vistamaxx le Exact tse loketseng phetoho ea resin ea moroetsana le tsona li ka sebelisoa ho netefatsa hore li tsamaellana le lipolasetiki tse tsosolositsoeng.O hlokometse hore li-polymer tsa Vistamaxx li etsa HDPE, LDPE le LLDPE hore li tsamaisane le polypropylene, a eketsa ka hore ka lebaka la polarity ea li-polymers tse kang PET kapa nylon, ho hlokahala hore ho hlophisoa ha sehlopha sa Vistamaxx ho etsa hore polyolefin e lumellane le li-polymers tse joalo."Mohlala, re sebelitse le li-compounder tse 'maloa ho kopanya Vistamaxx ho etsa polyolefin e tsamaisana le nylon ha re ntse re ikemiselitse ho boloka lintlafatso tsa ts'ebetso tseo Vistamaxx polymers li ka li tlisang mekhoeng e kopaneng."
Raese.Chate e 1 ea MFR e bonts'ang mebala e tsoakiloeng ea HDPE le polypropylene e nang le tlatsetso ea Vistamaxx le ntle le eona.(Mohloli: ExxonMobil)
Ho lumellana ho ka netefatsoa ke thepa e ntlafalitsoeng ea mochini, joalo ka khanyetso e lakatsehang haholo, ho latela Cortez.Ho eketsa metsi ho bohlokoa hape ha o sebelisa lisebelisoa hape.Mohlala ke nts'etsopele ea li-ente molding formulations bakeng sa melapo ea botlolo ea HDPE.O bolela hore li-elastomer tsohle tse khethehileng tse teng kajeno li na le tšebeliso ea tsona."Morero oa puisano ha se ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea bona ka kakaretso, empa ke ho khetha sesebelisoa se setle sa morero o itseng."
Ka mohlala, o itse, "Ha PE e lumellana le PP, re lumela hore Vistamaxx e fana ka liphello tse molemo ka ho fetisisa.Empa 'maraka o boetse o hloka ho ntlafala ha tšusumetso,' me li-plastomers tsa ethylene-octene li ka ba tse loketseng ha u batla ho thatafala ha mocheso o tlase. "
Cortez o boetse a re, "Li-plastomers tsa ethylene-octene joalo ka limaraka tsa rona tsa Exact kapa Dow's Engage le Vistamaxx li na le maemo a tšoanang haholo."
Dow's Zhang o hlalositse hore le hoja boteng ba polypropylene ho HDPE ka kakaretso bo eketsa ho satalla joalokaha ho lekantsoe ke flexural modulus, e theola thepa e lekantsoeng ka ho tiea le ho lelefala ha sekhahla ka lebaka la ho se lumellane ha likarolo tse peli.Tšebeliso ea li-compatibilizers ho lihlopha tsena tsa HDPE / PP li ntlafatsa ho tiea / viscosity ho leka-lekana ka ho fokotsa ho arohana ha mekhahlelo le ho ntlafatsa ho khomarela sefahleho.
Raese.2. Kerafo ea matla e nang le tšusumetso e bontšang mebala e fapaneng ea motsoako oa HDPE e tsosolositsoeng le polypropylene, e nang le addititive ea Vistamaxx le ntle le eona.(Mohloli: ExxonMobil)
Ho ea ka Zhang, Engage POE le Infuse OBC li loketse ka ho fetisisa ho etsa HDPE, LDPE le LLDPE li tsamaisane le polypropylene ka lebaka la mokokotlo oa PE le alpha-olefin comonomer.E le li-additives bakeng sa motsoako oa PE / PP, hangata li sebelisoa ka bongata ba 2% ho isa ho 5% ka boima ba 'mele.Zhang o hlokometse hore ka ho ntlafatsa ho leka-lekana ha boima le boima, Engage POE comppatibilizers tse kang Grade 8100 li ka fana ka boleng bo eketsehileng bakeng sa metsoako ea PE / PP e tsosolositsoeng ka mochine, ho kenyelletsa le melapo ea litšila e phahameng ho PE le PP.Likopo li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa koloi tse entsoeng ka ente, makotikoti a pente, makotikoti a lithōle, mabokose a ho paka, liphalete le thepa ea ka ntle.
Mmaraka o hloka ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso mme li-plastomers tsa ethylene octene li ka bapala karolo ha ho hlokahala matla a tšusumetso e tlase ea mocheso.
O boetse a re: "Keketso ea 3 wt feela.% Engage 8100 e imenne ka makhetlo a mararo matla a tšusumetso le bolelele bo tsitsitseng ba motsoako o sa lumellaneng oa HDPE / PP 70/30 ha o ntse o boloka modulus e phahameng e fanoeng ke karolo ea PP," a phaella ka ho re, bakeng sa tlhokahalo e tlaase ea mocheso oa polasetiki, Engage POE e fana ka matla a tšusumetso mocheso o teng. ka lebaka la mocheso o tlase haholo oa phetoho ea likhalase.
Ha a bua ka litjeo tsa li-elastomer tsena tse khethehileng, Cortez ea ExxonMobil e itse: “Letotong la tlholisano ea boleng ba ho sebelisa hape, ho bohlokoa ho leka-lekanya litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso.Ka li-polymers tsa Vistamaxx, ts'ebetso ea li-resin tse nchafalitsoeng e ka ntlafatsoa, e lumella li-resin hore li sebelisoe lits'ebetsong moo batho ba sebelisang lintho tse nchafalitsoeng ba ka fumanang boleng bo phahameng ba moruo. ”ha ba ntse ba kopana le tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso. Ka lebaka leo, bahlaseli ba ka ba le menyetla e meholo ea ho rekisa lipolasetiki tsa bona tse tsosolositsoeng, ho e-na le ho bitsa chelete e ngata e le mokhanni ea ka sehloohong, ho ba lumella ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho li-blends tse tloaelehileng le lisebelisoa."
Ho phaella tabeng ea ho khona ho sebelisa li-polyolefin tse tsoakiloeng, re boetse re sebetsa ho khothalletsa ho sebelisoa bocha ha metsoako e fapaneng e kang polyolefin ka lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere tse kang nylon le polyester.Re fane ka li-polymer tse ngata tse sebetsang, empa litharollo tse ncha li ntse li tsoela pele.li ntse li ntlafatsoa ka mafolofolo ho sebetsana le metsoako e fapaneng ea polasetiki e fumanehang ka har'a liphutheloana, meaho, lipalangoang le lits'ebetsong tsa bareki. ”
Li-Styrene block copolymers le polyolefin tse fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale ke mefuta e meng ea lisebelisoa tse fumaneng tlhokomelo e le li-compatibilizers bakeng sa ho matlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa ho lumellana ha li-resin tse tsosolositsoeng.
Kraton Polymers e fana ka sethala sa CirKular+ styrenic block copolymer se nang le li-additives tse ntlafatsang ts'ebetso bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape le ho sebelisoa ha lipolasetiki.Julia Strin, motsamaisi oa leano la lefatše la papatso bakeng sa Kraton Specialty Polymers, o supa letoto la lihlopha tse peli tsa limaraka tse hlano: CirKular+ Compatibility Series (C1000, C1010, C1010) le CirKular+ Performance Enhancement Series (C2000 le C3000).Li-additives tsena ke mefuta e mengata ea li-block copolymers tse thehiloeng ho styrene le ethylene / butylene (SEBS).Li na le thepa e ikhethang ea mochini, ho kenyelletsa matla a matla a phapusing kapa mocheso oa cryogenic, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho ikamahanya le maemo a thata le tšusumetso, ho ntlafala ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo, le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ea ts'ebetso.Lihlahisoa tse chitja + li boetse li fana ka ho lumellana ha li-resin tse ngata bakeng sa polasetiki ea moroetsana, PCR le litšila tsa PIR.Ho itšetlehile ka sehlopha, li ka sebelisoa ho PP, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, LDPE, PS le HIPS, hammoho le li-resin tsa polar tse kang EVOH, PVA le EVA.
"Re bontšitse hore hoa khoneha ho sebelisa litšila tsa polasetiki tse tsoakiloeng tsa polyolefin le ho li sebelisa hape hore e be lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa haholoanyane."
"Li-additives tse ka sebelisoang ka botlalo tsa CirKular + li lumella PCR hore e sebelisoe hape ka ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mochini le ho ts'ehetsa moralo oa lihlahisoa tsa monomaterial tse thehiloeng polyolefin, ka tsela eo e holisa litaba tsa PCR ho feta liperesente tse 90," ho boletse Stryn.resin e sa fetotsoeng.Liteko li bonts'itse hore lihlahisoa tsa CirKular + li ka phekoloa mocheso ho fihlela makhetlo a mahlano bakeng sa tšebeliso ea khafetsa. "
Mefuta e mengata ea CirKular + ke li-expander tse nang le li-resin tse ngata bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa melapo e tsoakiloeng ea PCR le PIR, e atisang ho eketsoa ho 3% ho isa ho 5%.Mehlala e 'meli ea ho tsosolosa litšila tse tsoakiloeng e kenyelletsa sampole e entsoeng ka ente e entsoeng ka ente ea 76% -PCR HDPE + 19% -PCR PET + 5% Kraton+ C1010 le mohlala oa 72% -PCR PP + 18% -PCR PET + 10% Kraton + C1000..Mehlaleng ena, matla a tšusumetso ea Izod a ile a eketseha ka 70% le 50%, ka ho latellana, 'me matla a lihlahisoa a eketsehile ka 40% le 30%, ha a ntse a boloka ho satalla le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.Metsoako ea PCR LDPE-PET le eona e bontšitse ts'ebetso e ts'oanang.Lihlahisoa tsena li boetse li sebetsa ho nylon le ABS.
CirKular+ Performance Enhancement Series e etselitsoe ho ntlafatsa cyclic e tsoakiloeng PCR le PIR melapo ea polyolefin le polystyrene maemong a tloaelehileng a tlatsetso ea 3% ho isa ho 10%.Teko ea morao-rao e atlehileng ea ho bopa ente: 91% -PCR PP + 9% Kraton+ C2000.Moetso ona o na le ntlafatso ea 110% ea ho leka-lekana ha modulus ho feta lihlahisoa tse hlolisanoang."Likopo tsa maemo a holimo tsa rPP lits'ebetsong tsa likoloi le tsa indasteri li hloka ntlafatso ea mofuta ona.Sena se ka boela sa sebelisoa ho paka, empa ka litlhoko tse fokolang haholo, palo ea C2000 e tla fokotseha, "Streen o itse.
Kraton + e ka kopanngoa pele kapa e omisitsoe ka polasetiki e tsosolositsoeng pele e bōptjoa, ea extrusion kapa e le karolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho tsosolosa, Stryn o re.Ho tloha ha e qala CirKular + lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, k'hamphani e fihletse kamohelo ea pele libakeng tse kang liphalete tsa indasteri, liphutheloana tsa lijo le lino, likarolo tsa likoloi le litulo tsa likoloi tsa bana.CirKular + e ka boela ea sebelisoa mefuteng e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e kenyelletsang ente kapa compression molding, extrusion, rotational molding le compements.
Polybond 3150/3002 ke karolo ea SI Group ea mefuta e mengata e pharalletseng ea Polybond polyolefin e fetotsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale 'me e ka sebelisoa e le tlamahano le tlatsetso e lumellanang.Ke maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene e etsang hore polypropylene e tsosolositsoeng e tsamaisane le mefuta eohle ea nylon.Ho ea ka John Yun, molaoli oa tekheniki le tšehetso ea tekheniki, maemong a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso ea 5%, e bonts'a matla a tšusumetso a Izod a fetang makhetlo a mararo le ho khutlisa matla a Izod.Irfaan Foster, motsamaisi oa nts'etsopele ea 'maraka, o hlokomela hore ts'ebeliso ea pele ke ho thibela molumo oa koloi.Haufinyane tjena, e 'nile ea sebelisoa ho kopanngoa ha polypropylene le nylon bakeng sa liphanele tse ka tlas'a fatše, likarolo tsa underhood, le ka morao ho li-dashboard.
Mophato o mong ke Polybond 3029, anhydride ea maleic e kentsoeng polyethylene e phahameng haholo e hlahisitsoeng lilemo tse peli tse fetileng e le tlatsetso ho ntlafatsa tšebelisano ea metsoako ea lehong-polasetiki.Ho ea ka Yun, ho bonahala eka k'hamphani e mocheng oa ho lumellana le motsoako oa 50/50 PCR / HDPE e hloekileng.
Sehlopha se seng sa li-compatibilizers se ipapisitse le k'hemistri ea titanium-aluminium, joalo ka li-catalyst tsa titanate (Ti) le zirconate (Zr) tse fanoang ke Kenrich Petrochemicals mme li rekisetsoa li-compounder le li-moulders.Lihlahisoa tsa k'hamphani li kenyelletsa "catalyst" e ncha ho masterbatch kapa foromo ea phofo e sebetsang e le tlatsetso e lumellanang bakeng sa lipolymer tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa polyolefin, bioplastics joalo ka PET, PVC le PLA.Tšebeliso ea eona ho metsoako ea PCR e kang PP/PET/PE e ntse e eketseha, ho ea ka mopresidente oa Kenrich le mong'a-'moho le eena Sal Monte.Sena se tlalehoa ho eketsa tlhahiso ea extrusion le ho fokotsa linako tsa potoloho ea ente.
Ken-React CAPS KPR 12/LV lifaha le Ken-React KPR 12/HV phofo li tlalehoa li khutlisetsa PCR boemong ba eona ba pele.Monte o re sehlahisoa sena ke phello ea ho kopanya k'hamphani e ncha ea LICA 12 alkoxy titanate catalyst le motsoako oa tšepe o "sebetsang chelete e ngata.""Re fana ka li-granules tsa CAPS KPR 12/LV ka bongata ho tloha ho 1.5% ho isa ho 1.75% ea boima bohle ba thepa e nchafalitsoeng e kentsoeng moqomong, joalo ka masterbatch, le ho fokotsa mocheso oa tšebetso ka 10-20%, ho boloka ho kuta. ea motsoako oa karabelo.Li sebetsa boemong ba nanometer, kahoo ho hlokahala sekiri se sebetsang sa motsoako, 'me ho qhibiliha ho hloka torque e phahameng."
Monte o re li-additives tsena ke li-compatibilizer tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa li-polymers tse eketsang joalo ka LLDPE le PP le li-polycondensate tse kang PET, li-organic and inorganic fillers, le bioplastics tse kang PLA.Liphetho tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa phokotso ea 9% ea extrusion, ho bopa ente le mocheso oa ho bopa le keketseho ea 20% ea lebelo la ho sebetsa bakeng sa boholo ba thermoplastic e sa tlatsoang.Liphetho tse ts'oanang li ile tsa fumanoa ka motsoako oa 80/20% oa LDPE/PP o sebelisitsoeng hape.Ketsahalong e 'ngoe, 1.5% CAPS KPR 12/LV e ile ea sebelisoa ho etsa bonnete ba ho lumellana ha li-resin tse tharo tsa PIR: filimi e kopantsoeng ea LLDPE, 20-35 MFI e entsoeng ka ente e kopantsoeng e entsoeng ka polypropylene copolymer lids, le liphutheloana tsa lijo tsa PET tsa thermoformed.Sila motsoako oa PP/PET/PE ho isa boholo ba 1/4 ″.ho fihlela ho ½ inch.Li-flakes le melts li kopantsoe ka li-pellets tsa ho bopa ka ente.
Theknoloji e kenyelletsoeng ea "Diblock" e nang le patente ea "Interface Polymers" ho tlalehoa e hlola ho se lumellane ho teng ha polyolefin boemong ba limolek'hule, ho li lumella hore li sebetsanoe.(Senepe: li-polymers tsa sefahleho)
Khoebo ea kabo ea thepa SACO AEI Polymers ke mofani ea ikhethileng oa Fine-Blend naheng ea China, e hlahisang mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea li-compatibilizers bakeng sa polypropylene, nylon, PET, thermoplastics ea boenjiniere le li-biopolymers tse kang PLA le PBAT, ho kenyeletsoa metsoako e nchafalitsoeng, li-additives le liketane.ho boletse molaoli oa yuniti ea khoebo Mike McCormach.Lintho tse thusang li kenyelletsa li-non-reactive comptibilizers, haholo-holo li-block le graft copolymers kapa li-copolymers tse sa sebetseng tse sa keneng tšebetsong ea lik'hemik'hale ha li kopanya lipolymer.BP-1310 ke mohlala moo maemo a tlatsetso a 3% ho isa ho 5% a ntlafatsang tšebelisano ea metsoako e nchafalitsoeng ea polypropylene le polystyrene.Kenyelletso ea ho ntlafatsa tšebelisano ea li-blend tsa PE/PS e ntse e ntlafatsoa.
Li-compatibilizer tse sebetsang hantle tsa "Fine-Blend" li ntlafatsa ho lumellana ka lik'hemik'hale tse sebetsanang le polymer ea moroetsana nakong ea ho kopanya, ho akarelletsa le ECO-112O bakeng sa PET e nchafalitsoeng, polycarbonate le nylon;HPC-2 bakeng sa ABS le comptibilizer e nchafalitsoeng ea PET;le SPG-02 bakeng sa tlhahiso ea polypropylene le polypropylene e sebelisoang hape.PET e lumellana.Li na le lihlopha tsa epoxy tse ka sebetsanang le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl tsa polyester tse nchafalitsoeng ho ntlafatsa ho tiea le ho tsamaisana, ho boletse McCormach.Ho boetse ho na le CMG9801, anhydride ea maleic e kentsoeng polypropylene e ka sebetsanang le lihlopha tsa amino tsa nylon.
Ho tloha ka 2016, k'hamphani ea Borithane ea Interface Polymers Ltd. e ntlafalitse theknoloji ea tlatsetso ea Polarfin diblock copolymer, eo ho tlalehoang hore e hlola ho se lumellane ha limolek'hule tsa polyolefin, ho li lumella hore li sebelisoe hape.Li-additives tsena tsa diblock li loketse li-polyethylene le li-polypropylene, lipampiri le lifilimi tse sa tsoakoang.
Moetsi e moholo oa lifilimi o sebetsa morerong oa ho sebetsana le lifilimi tse ngata ntle le tahlehelo e kholo ea tlhahiso.Motsamaisi oa Nts'etsopele ea Khoebo Simon Waddington o boletse hore esita le maemong a tlase a phallo, Polarfin e felisitse gelling, bothata bo atileng bo sitisang ho sebelisoa hape ha lifilimi tsa polyolefin ho sebelisa polasetiki e kopantsoeng hape."Re atlehile ho bonts'a hore litšila tsa polasetiki tse tsoakiloeng tsa polyolefin li ka sebelisoa hape 'me tsa sebelisoa hape hore e be lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea rona ea ho eketsa Polarfin."
Ho latela ExxonMobil's Cortes, tšebelisano (mohlala, Vistamaxx e nang le PE/PP e tsosolositsoeng) e ka bonts'oa ka thepa e ntlafalitsoeng ea mochini joalo ka ho hanyetsa tšusumetso.(Setšoantšo: ExxonMobil)
Ka ho kopanya li-screw, baenjiniere ba bangata ba lemoha molemo oa ho khona ho lokisa likarolo tsa screw.Mona ke seo u hlokang ho se tseba mabapi le ho hlopha likarolo tsa libakete.
Batla mekhoa ea sebaka le / kapa ea nakoana ho fana ka lintlha ha u batlisisa bofokoli ba boleng ba lihokelo kapa ho fumana sesosa sa mathata a ho sebetsa.Leano la ho khetholla le ho alafa sesosa se ka lemohuoang ke ho qala ka ho fumana hore na bothata ke bo sa foleng kapa ke ba nakoana.
Insight Polymers & Complexers e sebelisa tsebo ea eona ho k'hemistri ea polymer ho nts'etsapele lisebelisoa tsa moloko o tlang.
Nako ea poso: Jul-28-2023